ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diarrhea is the most common illness among children causing highest number of mortality and morbidity in the developing countries. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the etiological agents of diarrhea in children less than 12 years of age. Methods: The study was carried out in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Health Research Laboratory and stool specimen were collected from Kanti Children’s Hospital between February 2007 and August 2007. The specimens were processed by standard microbiological methods, serological diagnosis for the complete identification of bacterial isolate and use of Rotaclone for diagnosis for Rotavirus. Results: A total 500 specimen were processed and 312 (62.4%) cases were identified with enteropathogens. Out of 500, 165 (33%) showed significant bacterial growth, 110 (22%) single or multiple parasitic infestation, and 167 (21.4%) Rotavirus. Among the bacterial isolate, Escherichia. coli (20.2%) were highest in number, Entamoeba. histolytica (10%), among the protozoa and Ascaris lumbricoide (1.4%) among the helminth. Age group 0-2 years showed most number of cases. The prevalence of Rotavirus infection was more in Inpatient (65.4%) than Outpatient (34.6%) (P>0.05). Ethnicgroup wise distribution showed that Gurung/Magar/ Rai/Tamang were highly infected (34.6%) (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that bacteria were the major etiological agents of diarrhea in children than parasites and Rotavirus. E. coli among the bacteria, E. histolytica among the parasite and Rotavirus constituted the major causative agents identified. The age group 0-2years was the most vulnerable group where most of the enteropathogens were detected.
ABSTRACT
A retrospective study was conducted to find out the causative agents of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern among Nepalese children. This was done at Kanti Children's Hospital in Kathmandu (Nepal) by analyzing the records of urine samples collected for culture and sensitivity tests over a period of six months (April to November, 2007). Of the total 1878 mid-stream urine samples collected from suspected cases of UTI, 538 (28.6%) were positive for pathogenic organisms. There was no significant difference in growth positive rate in two genders (M: 51.7% and F: 48.3%). Of the various pathogenic organisms isolated, Escherichia coli constituted for 93.3% followed by Proteus sp, Klebsiella sp, Citrobacter sp, Staphylococcus aureus and others. E. coli was found to be most sensitive to amikacin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin and ofloxacin and least sensitive to most commonly used drugs like cephalexin, nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole and norfloxacin.